Fairseat Telecommunications Tower

Location of the Telecommunications Tower in Fairseat, Kent.
Image courtesy of Google Maps

The telecommunications tower is located on the bridle path from the A227 to Fairseat, Kent, and was constructed in 1965 on land purchased from Frank King the then owner of Woodbine Farm.  The site would also become the location of the current telephone exchange although there are no direct links between the two facilities.  Local resident, John Deacon, was the Engineer-in-Charge of the Station for 12 years and he has provided much of the material for this article.  Brenda Cook (née Burns) from Fairseat was the cleaner at the radio station.

The building was initiated by the Post Office Telephones as part of a series of microwave links from the London Post Office Tower. The main route was from London Tower, with repeaters at Fairseat and Flimwell, to Tolsford Hill near Folkestone. The system provided telephone circuits and television links to Europe:

The telephony was forwarded to Europe via radio and submarine cables at St Margarets Bay.
The television was to Europe via radio and also feeds to the Dover broadcast transmitter for the main ITV and channel four by coaxial cable.

The Telecommunication Tower at the peak of its use in the 1980s
Image courtesy of John Deacon

The first system installed at Fairseat was a 2Ghz GEC link capable of carrying 600 telephone circuits with main and standby channels.  This system connected to Kelvedon Hatch near Ongar, Essex.  At Fairseat and Kelvedon the telephony was routed on to 24 circuit carrier cables, and a further radio link carried on to Stokenchurch near High Wycombe via Pimlico.  This link was part of The Backbone Network set up to provide resilient communications in the event of nuclear war and the site at Kelvedon also had a secret underground nuclear bunker.

The tower was operational by 1966 but Flimwell was not completed until 1969. For the 1966 World Cup, a temporary link was set up from the BBC at White City Television Centre to Folkestone via the Fairseat facility.

John Deacon at work in the station in the 1970s
Image courtesy of John Deacon

John Deacon was at this time working for the Post Office in Tunbridge Wells and lived in Hastings.  When he became Clerk of Works for the installation in Fairseat he wanted to avoid such a long commute and so he rented a nearby derelict bungalow that had previously been lived in by Mr Crouch (of Fielden and Chapman’s Nursery).  Later he bought the bungalow and as of 2020 still lives there.

In the late 1960s, Thames radio was also installed. This was a ship-to-shore VHF maritime link covering the Thames estuary and had two telephone channels with channel 16 used for emergency and setting up calls via operators at North Foreland. The calls would then be transferred to channel 27 to connect into the network. The equipment was Marconi thermionic valves operated by remote control by landlines from North Foreland.

In the late 1960s the first London-Folkestone systems were installed. These were STC lower 6GHz equipment solid-state with a travelling wave tube as transmitting power valve. There were initially two channels carrying television, Eurovision and the main ITV channel to the Dover transmitter. A further two channels each carried 1800 telephone circuits, there were also two standby channels which could be used for occasional television use when not used for failure or maintenance purposes. In 1981 this system was expanded to its maximum capacity with telephone channels and a Channel 4 television link.

In the 1980s further links were added, these being in the 4GHz, upper 6GHz and the 11GHz bands, the 11GHz being the first digital systems and there was a large increase in television links when the TVS studio was opened in Maidstone in 1982.  The television channels were carried on radio links to the Maidstone telephone exchange and on to the studio via coaxial cables.  The digital radio being the last system did not perform well.  At this time Optic Fibres were starting to be used extensively and this was the end for radio links that could not compete on reliability and cost.  From 2000 onward the analogue network was turned off and the traffic migrated to the fibre optic network.  The tower is now used mainly for mobile phones and low capacity ‘line of sight’ links.

Author: Dick Hogbin
Editor: Tony Piper
Contributors: John Deacon
Acknowledgements: dgsys.co.uk
Last Updated: 02 February 2020